A cikin 2021, ginawa da haɓaka hanyar sadarwar 5G ta duniya sun sami babban nasara.Bisa ga bayanan da GSA ta fitar a watan Agusta, fiye da masu aiki 175 a cikin kasashe da yankuna fiye da 70 sun kaddamar da ayyukan kasuwanci na 5G.Akwai masu aiki 285 waɗanda ke saka hannun jari a 5G.Takin aikin 5G na kasar Sin shi ne kan gaba a duniya.Yawan tashoshin 5G na kasar Sin ya zarce miliyan daya, wanda ya kai 1159000 mai ban mamaki, wanda ya kai fiye da kashi 70% na duniya.A takaice dai, ga kowane tashoshin 5G guda uku a duniya, biyu suna cikin kasar Sin.
5G tashar tashar
Ci gaba da haɓaka kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwar 5G ya haɓaka saukowar 5G a cikin Intanet mai amfani da Intanet na masana'antu.Musamman ma a masana'antar a tsaye, akwai lokuta sama da 10000 na aikace-aikacen 5G a kasar Sin, wadanda suka shafi fannoni da yawa kamar masana'antu, makamashi da wutar lantarki, tashar jiragen ruwa, ma'adinai, dabaru da sufuri.
Babu shakka cewa 5G ya zama makami mai kaifi don sauye-sauyen dijital na masana'antun cikin gida kuma injiniya don ingantaccen ci gaban tattalin arzikin dijital a cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya.
Koyaya, yayin da ake haɓaka aikace-aikacen 5G, za mu ga cewa fasahar 5G da ke akwai ta fara nuna yanayin "rashin ƙwarewa" a wasu yanayin aikace-aikacen masana'antu na musamman.Dangane da ƙimar, iya aiki, jinkiri da dogaro, ba zai iya cika 100% na buƙatun yanayin ba.
Me yasa?Shin 5G, wanda mutane ke tsammani, har yanzu yana da wahala ya zama babban nauyi?
Tabbas ba haka bane.Babban dalilin da yasa 5G "bai isa ba" shine muna amfani da "rabi 5G kawai".
Na yi imani mutane da yawa sun san cewa kodayake ma'aunin 5G shine kaɗai, akwai maƙallan mitar guda biyu.Ɗayan ana kiransa ƙungiyar sub-6 GHz, kuma iyakar mitar tana ƙasa da 6GHz (daidai, ƙasa da 7.125Ghz).Dayan kuma ana kiransa bandeji na millimeter, kuma yawan mitar ya wuce 24GHz.
Kwatankwacin kewayon maƙallan mitoci biyu
A halin yanzu, 5G kawai na band-6 GHz ana samunsu ta kasuwanci a kasar Sin, kuma babu 5G na nau'in mimita na kasuwanci.Saboda haka, duk makamashin 5G ba a fitar da shi gaba daya ba.
Fa'idodin fasaha na kalaman millimeter
Kodayake 5G a cikin rukunin sub-6 GHz da 5G a cikin rukunin kalaman millimeter sune 5G, akwai manyan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen aiki.
Bisa ga ilimin da ke cikin litattafan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na tsakiyar makaranta, mafi girman mitar igiyoyin lantarki mara igiyar waya, guntuwar tsayin igiyar ruwa, kuma mafi munin iyawar rarrabawa.Bugu da ƙari, mafi girman mita, mafi girma asarar shiga.Don haka, ɗaukar hoto na 5G na band ɗin igiyar milimita a fili ya yi rauni fiye da na baya.Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya sa a karon farko ba a samu igiyar milimita ta kasuwanci ba a kasar Sin, haka kuma shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane ke yin tambaya kan igiyar millimeter.
Hasali ma, zurfafan tunani da gaskiyar wannan matsala ba daidai suke da tunanin kowa ba.A wasu kalmomi, a zahiri muna da wasu ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba game da igiyoyin milimita.
Da farko dai, daga mahangar fasaha, dole ne mu sami yarjejeniya, wato, a karkashin jigo na babu wani sauyi na juyin juya hali a cikin ka'idar sadarwa ta asali, idan muna son kara inganta darajar cibiyar sadarwa da bandwidth, kawai za mu iya yin hakan. wani batu a kan bakan.
Neman wadatattun albarkatu na bakan gizo daga maɗaukakin mitar mitoci zaɓi ne da babu makawa don haɓaka fasahar sadarwar wayar hannu.Wannan gaskiya ne ga igiyoyin millimeter yanzu da terahertz waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don 6G a nan gaba.
Tsarin tsari na bakan igiyoyin kalaman millimeter
A halin yanzu, rukunin ƙananan 6 GHz yana da iyakar bandwidth na 100MHz (har da 10MHz ko 20MHz a wasu wurare a ƙasashen waje).Yana da wahala sosai don cimma ƙimar 5Gbps ko ma 10Gbps.
Ƙungiyar igiyar igiyar milimita 5G ta kai 200mhz-800mhz, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi don cimma burin da ke sama.
Ba da dadewa ba, a cikin Agusta 2021, Qualcomm ya haɗa hannu da ZTE don gane haɗin haɗin 5G SA dual (nr-dc) a karon farko a China.Dangane da tashar mai ɗaukar nauyin 200MHz a cikin 26ghz millimeter band band da 100MHz bandwidth a cikin band 3.5GHz, Qualcomm ya yi aiki tare don cimma ƙimar mafi girman mai amfani guda ɗaya na fiye da 2.43gbps.
Kamfanonin biyu kuma suna amfani da fasahar haɗaɗɗun jigilar kayayyaki don cimma nasarar mai amfani guda ɗaya mai saukar da ƙimar ƙimar sama da 5Gbps dangane da tashoshi huɗu masu ɗaukar nauyi na 200MHz a cikin rukunin milimita 26ghz.
A watan Yuni na wannan shekara, a wurin nunin MWC Barcelona, Qualcomm ya sami ƙimar kololuwa har zuwa 10.5Gbps ta hanyar amfani da Xiaolong X65, 8-Channel aggregation dangane da n261 millimeter wave band (bandwidth mai ɗaukar kaya guda ɗaya na 100MHz) da 100MHz bandwidth a cikin n77 band.Wannan shine mafi girman ƙimar sadarwar salula a cikin masana'antar.
bandwidth mai ɗaukar kaya guda ɗaya na 100MHz da 200MHz na iya cimma wannan tasirin.A nan gaba, dangane da mai ɗaukar kaya guda 400MHz da 800MHz, babu shakka zai cimma ƙimar da ta wuce 10Gbps!
Bugu da ƙari ga haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙimar, wani fa'ida na igiyar millimeter shine ƙananan jinkiri.
Saboda tazarar mai ɗaukar kaya, jinkirin kalaman milimita 5G na iya zama kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na na sub-6ghz.Bisa ga tabbacin gwajin,
jinkirin haɗin iska na 5G millimeter wave zai iya zama 1ms, kuma jinkirin tafiya zai iya zama 4ms, wanda yake da kyau.
Amfani na uku na igiyoyin millimeter shine ƙananan girmansa.
Tsawon kalaman millimeter gajeru ne sosai, don haka eriyarsa gajeru ce.Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya ƙara ƙarar ƙarar kayan aikin igiyar millimeter kuma yana da matsayi mafi girma na haɗin kai.Wahalhalun da masana'antun ke yi don ƙirƙira samfuran sun ragu, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙaramar tashoshin tushe da tashoshi.
Eriyar millimeter (rawaya barbashi ne eriya oscillators)
Ƙarin manyan manyan sikelin eriya da ƙarin oscillators na eriya suma suna da fa'ida sosai ga aikace-aikacen ƙirar katako.Ƙaƙwalwar eriyar igiyar milimita na iya yin wasa mai nisa kuma yana da ƙarfin hana tsangwama, wanda ke da amfani don daidaitawa don rashin ɗaukar hoto.
Yawan oscillators, mafi kunkuntar katako kuma tsayin nisa
Amfani na huɗu na igiyar milimita ita ce ƙarfin sakawa mai tsayi.
Ƙarfin sakawa na tsarin mara waya yana da alaƙa da kusanci da tsayinsa.Mafi guntu tsawon zangon, mafi girman daidaiton matsayi.
Matsayin igiyar ruwa na millimeter na iya zama daidai zuwa matakin santimita ko ma ƙasa.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa motoci da yawa yanzu suna amfani da radar kalaman millimeter.
Bayan mun faɗi fa'idar igiyar millimeter, bari mu koma mu yi magana game da rashin amfani da igiyar millimeter.
Duk wata fasaha (Sadarwar) tana da fa'ida da rashin amfaninta.Rashin lahani na kalaman millimeter shine cewa yana da rauni mai rauni da gajeriyar ɗaukar hoto.
A baya can, mun ambata cewa kalaman milimita na iya haɓaka nisan ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakawa.A wasu kalmomi, makamashin adadin eriya masu yawa yana tattara su a cikin wata hanya, don haɓaka siginar a cikin takamaiman shugabanci.
Yanzu igiyar milimita tana ɗaukar eriyar tsararrun kwatance don saduwa da ƙalubalen motsi ta hanyar fasahar katako mai yawa.Dangane da sakamako masu amfani, ƙirar analog ɗin da ke goyan bayan kunkuntar katako na iya shawo kan babbar asarar hanya a cikin rukunin mitar sama da 24GHz.
Tsare-tsaren eriya mai girma
Bugu da ƙari ga ƙirar katako, milimita igiyar igiyar igiya da yawa kuma na iya fahimtar canjin katako, jagorar katako da bin diddigin katako.
Canjawar katako yana nufin cewa tasha zata iya zaɓar fitattun katakon ɗan takara don canzawa mai ma'ana a cikin yanayi mai ci gaba da canzawa don cimma ingantaccen tasirin sigina.
Jagoran katako yana nufin cewa tasha na iya canza alkiblar katako na sama don dacewa da alkiblar katako daga gnodeb.
Biyan bim yana nufin cewa tasha zata iya bambanta katako daban-daban daga gnodeb.Ƙunƙarar za ta iya motsawa tare da motsi na tashar tashar, don samun nasara mai karfi na eriya.
Ƙarfafa ƙarfin sarrafa katako na millimeter zai iya inganta amincin sigina yadda ya kamata kuma ya sami ƙarfin sigina.
Hawan millimeter kuma na iya ɗaukar bambancin hanya don magance matsalar toshewa ta hanyar bambance-bambancen tsaye da bambance-bambancen kwance.
Tasirin kwaikwaiyo nunin bambancin hanya
A gefen tasha, bambance-bambancen eriyar tasha kuma na iya inganta amincin siginar, rage matsalar toshe hannun, da rage tasirin da bazuwar mai amfani ke haifarwa.
Tasirin kwaikwaiyo nunin bambancin tasha
Don taƙaitawa, tare da zurfin nazarin fasahar tunani na millimita da bambancin hanyoyi, an inganta ɗaukar nauyin igiyoyin millimeter sosai kuma an sami nasarar watsar da ba tare da gani ba (NLOS) ta hanyar fasahar fasaha mai yawa.Dangane da fasaha, igiyar milimita ta warware matsalar da ta gabata kuma ta ƙara girma, wanda zai iya cika buƙatun kasuwanci.
Dangane da sarkar masana'antu, 5Gkalaman millimeter shima ya fi girma fiye da yadda kuke zato.
A watan da ya gabata, Fuchang Li, darektan cibiyar binciken fasahar mara waya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Unicom ta kasar Sin, ya bayyana karara cewa "a halin yanzu karfin sarkar igiyar igiyar milimita ta kara girma."
A wurin baje kolin MWC na Shanghai a farkon shekarar, masu gudanar da aikin cikin gida sun kuma ce: "Tare da goyon bayan bakan, ka'idoji da masana'antu, igiyar milimita ta sami ci gaba mai kyau na kasuwanci. A shekarar 2022, 5Gigiyar milimita za ta sami babban ƙarfin kasuwanci."
An shigar da aikace-aikacen igiyar milmita
Bayan kammala fa'idodin fasaha na igiyar milimita, bari mu kalli takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen sa.
Kamar yadda muka sani, abu mafi mahimmanci don amfani da fasaha shine "haɓaka ƙarfi da kuma guje wa rauni".A wasu kalmomi, ya kamata a yi amfani da fasaha a cikin yanayin da zai iya ba da cikakken wasa ga fa'idodinta.
Fa'idodin 5G millimeter taguwar ruwa shine ƙimar, iya aiki da jinkirin lokaci.Saboda haka, ya fi dacewa da filayen jiragen sama, tashoshi, gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, wuraren motsa jiki da sauran wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa, da kuma wuraren masana'antu a tsaye waɗanda ke da matukar damuwa ga jinkirin lokaci, kamar masana'antun masana'antu, sarrafawar nesa, Intanet na motoci da sauransu.
Dangane da takamaiman filayen aikace-aikacen, gaskiyar kama-da-wane, samun dama mai sauri, sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, kiwon lafiya, sufuri mai hankali, da sauransu duk wuraren da za a iya amfani da igiyar 5G millimeter.
Don amfani da Intanet.
Ga masu amfani na yau da kullun, mafi girman buƙatun bandwidth ya fito ne daga bidiyo kuma mafi girman buƙatar jinkiri yana fitowa daga wasanni.Fasahar VR / AR (gaskiyar gaskiya / haɓaka gaskiya) tana da buƙatu biyu don bandwidth da jinkiri.
Fasahar VR / AR tana haɓaka cikin sauri, gami da yanayin yanayi mai zafi na kwanan nan, wanda shima yana da alaƙa da su.
Don samun cikakkiyar ƙwarewa mai zurfi kuma gaba ɗaya kawar da dizziness, ƙudurin bidiyo na VR dole ne ya kasance sama da 8K (ko da 16K da 32K), kuma jinkirin dole ne ya kasance a cikin 7ms.Babu shakka cewa igiyar milimita 5G ita ce fasahar watsa mara waya mafi dacewa.
Qualcomm da Ericsson sun gudanar da gwajin XR dangane da igiyar milimita 5G, suna kawo firam ɗin 90 a sakan daya da 2K ga kowane mai amfani × XR gwaninta tare da ƙudurin 2K, tare da jinkirin ƙasa da 20ms, da matsakaicin ƙaddamarwar ƙasa sama da 50Mbps.
Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa gnodeb ɗaya kawai tare da tsarin bandwidth na 100MHz zai iya tallafawa damar 5G na masu amfani da XR shida a lokaci guda.Tare da goyan bayan fasalulluka na 5G a nan gaba, yana da ƙarin alƙawarin tallafawa samun dama ga masu amfani fiye da 12 a lokaci guda.
gwajin XR
Wani muhimmin yanayin aikace-aikace na 5G millimita igiyar igiyar ruwa zuwa masu amfani da mabukaci na C-ƙarshen shine watsa shirye-shiryen manyan abubuwan wasanni.
A watan Fabrairun 2021, an gudanar da wasan karshe na wasan kwallon kafa na Amurka "super bowl" a filin wasa na Raymond James.
Tare da taimakon Qualcomm, Verizon, sanannen ma'aikacin Amurka, ya gina filin wasan cikin filin wasan Intanet mafi sauri a duniya ta hanyar amfani da fasahar igiyar ruwa ta millimeter 5G.
A yayin gasar, hanyar sadarwar igiyar ruwa ta 5G ta dauki fiye da 4.5tb na jimlar zirga-zirga.A wasu yanayi, mafi girman adadin ya kai 3gbps, kusan sau 20 fiye da 4G LTE.
Dangane da saurin haɓakawa, wannan babban kwano shine muhimmin abu na farko a duniya ta amfani da 5G millimeter wave uplink watsa.Tsarin firam ɗin igiyar igiyar milimita yana da sassauƙa, kuma za'a iya daidaita ma'aunin firam ɗin sama da ƙasa don cimma babban haɗin kai.
Dangane da bayanan filin, ko da a cikin sa'o'i mafi girma, 5G millimeter taguwar ruwa ya fi 50% sauri fiye da 4G LTE.Tare da taimakon ƙarfin haɓakawa mai ƙarfi, magoya baya za su iya loda hotuna da bidiyo don raba abubuwan ban mamaki na wasan.
Har ila yau, Verizon ya ƙirƙiri aikace-aikacen don tallafa wa magoya baya don kallon 7-tashar tashoshi masu gudana HD wasanni a lokaci guda, kuma kyamarori 7 suna gabatar da wasanni daga kusurwoyi daban-daban.
A shekarar 2022, za a bude wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi karo na 24 a birnin Beijing.A wannan lokacin, ba kawai za a sami damar shiga da buƙatun zirga-zirga ta hanyar wayar hannu masu sauraro ba, har ma da buƙatar dawo da bayanan da kafofin watsa labarai ke kawowa.Musamman, Multi-tashar 4K HD siginar bidiyo da siginar bidiyo na kyamarar panoramic (wanda aka yi amfani da shi don kallon VR) yana haifar da ƙalubale mai tsanani ga haɓakar bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwar wayar hannu.
Dangane da waɗannan ƙalubalen, China Unicom na shirin mayar da martani da gaske tare da fasahar igiyar ruwa ta millimita 5G.
A watan Mayun bana, ZTE, China Unicom da Qualcomm sun gudanar da gwaji.Yin amfani da igiyar milimita 5G + babban tsarin firam ɗin sama, abun ciki na bidiyo na 8K da aka tattara a ainihin lokacin ana iya watsa shi da ƙarfi, kuma a ƙarshe an samu nasarar karɓa da kunnawa a ƙarshen karɓa.
Bari mu dubi yanayin aikace-aikacen masana'antu a tsaye.
5G millimeter igiyar ruwa yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace a cikin tob.
Da farko, VR / AR da aka ambata a sama kuma ana iya amfani dashi a masana'antar tob.
Misali, injiniyoyi na iya gudanar da binciken nesa na kayan aiki a wurare daban-daban ta hanyar AR, ba da jagora mai nisa ga injiniyoyi a wurare daban-daban, da gudanar da karbuwar kayayyaki a wurare daban-daban.A lokacin annoba, waɗannan aikace-aikacen na iya taimaka wa kamfanoni su magance matsalolin aiki kuma suna rage farashi sosai.
Dubi aikace-aikacen dawo da bidiyo.Yanzu yawancin layukan samar da masana'anta sun shigar da adadi mai yawa na kyamarori, gami da wasu kyamarori masu mahimmanci don dubawa mai inganci.Waɗannan kyamarori suna ɗaukar babban adadi na babban ma'anar samfuran hotuna don tantance lahani.
Misali, COMAC tana gudanar da bincike na fasa ƙarfe a kan mahaɗin solder ɗin samfur da fesa saman ta wannan hanya.Bayan an ɗauki hotunan, ana buƙatar a loda su zuwa gajimare ko dandamalin kwamfuta na gefen MEC, tare da saurin haɗin kai na 700-800mbps.Yana ɗaukar 5G millimeter babban tsarin firam ɗin sama, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi.
Wani yanayin da ke da alaƙa da fasahar igiyar ruwa ta millimita 5G ita ce abin hawa mara matuki na AGV.
5G millimeter kalaman yana goyan bayan aikin AGV
AGV a haƙiƙa ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin tuƙi ne mara matuƙar ƙarancin mutum.Matsayin AGV, kewayawa, tsarawa da gujewa cikas suna da buƙatu masu girma don jinkirin hanyar sadarwa da aminci, da kuma manyan buƙatu don ingantaccen matsayi.Babban adadin sabuntawar taswirar taswira na AGV kuma sun gabatar da buƙatu don bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa.
5G millimeter igiyar ruwa na iya cika buƙatun da ke sama na yanayin aikace-aikacen AGV.
A cikin Janairu 2020, Ericsson da Audi sun yi nasarar gwada aikin 5G urlc da aikace-aikacen sarrafa kansa na masana'antu dangane da igiyar milimita 5G a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na masana'anta a Kista, Sweden.
Daga cikin su, sun hada na'urar mutum-mutumi, wanda ke da alaka da igiyar milimita 5G.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke sama, lokacin da hannun mutum-mutumi ya ke yin sitiyarin, labulen Laser na iya kare gefen buɗaɗɗen naúrar robot.Idan ma'aikatan masana'anta suka isa, bisa babban amincin 5G urlc, robot ɗin zai daina aiki nan da nan don guje wa rauni ga ma'aikata.
Wannan amsa nan take don tabbatar da dogaro ba zai yiwu ba a cikin Wi-Fi na gargajiya ko 4G.
Misalin da ke sama wani yanki ne kawai na yanayin aikace-aikacen na 5G millimita kalaman.Baya ga Intanet na masana'antu, igiyar milimita 5G tana da ƙarfi a cikin aikin tiyata mai nisa a cikin magani mai wayo kuma mara direba a Intanet na motoci.
A matsayin fasaha mai ci gaba tare da fa'idodi da yawa kamar babban ƙima, babban ƙarfin aiki, ƙarancin jinkirin lokaci, babban aminci da daidaiton matsayi mai girma, igiyar milimita 5G ta jawo hankali mai yawa daga kowane fanni na rayuwa.
Kammalawa
Karni na 21 karni ne na bayanai.
Duniya ta gane babbar darajar kasuwanci da ke cikin bayanan.A zamanin yau, kusan dukkanin masana'antu suna neman alakar da ke tsakanin su da bayanai da kuma shiga cikin ma'adinai na darajar bayanai.
Fasahar haɗin kai da 5G ke wakiltada fasahar sarrafa kwamfuta da ke wakilta ta hanyar lissafin girgije, manyan bayanai da basirar wucin gadi sune kayan aikin da babu makawa don ƙimar bayanan hakar ma'adinai.
Yin cikakken amfani da 5G, musamman a cikin bandeji na millimeter, daidai yake da ƙwarewar "maɓalli na zinariya" na canjin dijital, wanda ba zai iya fahimtar haɓakar ƙima na yawan aiki ba, har ma ya zama wanda ba zai iya yin nasara ba a cikin gasa mai tsanani a nan gaba.
A cikin kalma, fasaha da masana'antu na 5Gkalaman millimeter sun cika balagagge.Tare da aikace-aikacen5Gmasana'antu sannu a hankali shiga cikin zurfin ruwa yankin, ya kamata mu tashi sama da gida kasuwanci saukowa na5Gmilimita kalaman kuma gane hadewa ci gaban sub-6 da millimeter kalaman.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-14-2021
